Inertial Navigation System (INS) is one of the navigation systems widely used in various land-based, aerial, and marine applications. Among all types of INS, Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)-based INS can be widely utilized, owing to their low COST, lightweight, and small size. However, due to the manufacturing technology, MEMS-based INS suffers from deterministic and stochastic errors, which increase positioning errors over time. In this paper, a new effective noise REDUCTION method is proposed that can provide more accurate outputs of MEMS-based inertial sensors. The intelligent method in this paper is a combined denoising method that combines Wavelet Transform (WT), Permutation Entropy (PE), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Firstly, WT is employed to obtain a time-frequency representation of raw data. Secondly, a four-element feature vector is formed. These four features are (1) amplitude of frequency, (2) its ratio to mean of amplitudes of all frequencies, (3) location of frequency in time-frequency representation, and (4) judgment on behaviors of frequency that is obtained by utilizing PE. Thirdly, based on the feature vector, the GA-SVR algorithm predicts amplitudes of all frequencies in the time-frequency representation of the denoised signal. Finally, by employing inverse WT the denoised signal is obtained. In this work, the outputs of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in ADIS16407 sensor, as a low-COST and MEMS-based INS, have been utilized for data collection. The proposed method has been compared with other noise REDUCTION methods and the achieved results verify superior improvement than other methods.

Feature selection and parameter optimization are vital techniques in the data mining process, significantly impacting the computational COSTs of machine learning. Computational COST is a critical consideration in business analytics, making feature selection and parameter optimization research crucial for reducing operational COSTs. This study investigates the performance of 10 dimensionality REDUCTION methods and 2 parameter optimization techniques in various business applications. The evaluation focuses on predictive accuracy and run time. The analysis reveals distinctive tendencies among the filtering methods, highlighting time-consuming behaviors in different business scenarios for Weight by Rule (WRul) and Weight by Relief (Wrel). Additionally, the study proposes a COST-effective approach to parameter optimization by utilizing grid search and evolutionary algorithms, particularly when the optimal parameter range is unknown.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to gain insight into the status of law in relation to agency COSTs using an analytical-descriptive method. The issue of agency COSTs and the urge to present regulations for the agents involved in the commercial ties between companies have been always of research value for lawyers. Such COSTs, if appropriate measures not taken, can create formidable barriers to the potential interests of stakeholders which eventually puts businesses and investments at jeopardy and may lead to the loss of opportunities to attract dispersed capital of the community. Since the interests of the stakeholders are based on the actions of the agents, it is possible for them to abuse their position, which would be in conflict with the fundamental purpose of the companies. Accordingly, high agency COSTs can generally place undue burden on the stakeholders of companies, leading to unproductivity of their institutions...

These days, limited energy resources, and also the COST of investment in new and renewable energy is very COSTly and uneconomical. In the industrial sector, especially energy-intensive industries such as steel, finding appropriate solutions to update the technology, production and reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. The main aim of this study is the identification and ranking the methods to reduce the COST of energy consumption in the steel industry with the MCDM approach, that Mobarakeh Steel Company is the largest firm economic basis in our country. The population of this research, experts in Mobarakeh Steel Industries of Esfahan city, which are composed of 10 experts. In this study, three questionnaires for screening of selected indicators, prioritize important measure known and set relationship among parameters using fuzzy Dematel approach and determine the extent of the relationships between variables using network analysis process (ANP), is used. The outputs of this research show that the steelmaking and casting, steelmaking, blast furnace, accumulation and withdrawal, carriage, coking, iron making, rolling, agglomeration and converter have the most energyconsumption

Poverty eradication is a priority of the United Nations Sustainable Development Program, the World Bank, as well as many governments around the world. The companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange play an essential role in helping the campaign to reduce poverty in the country. The purpose of the current research is whether poverty REDUCTION by companies shapes their financing COSTs or not. In this research, the relationship between participation in poverty REDUCTION with the COST of equity and the COST of debt for the period of 1397 to 1402 was made. equal to 612 observations) that a total of 612 observations were used for the research period. The statistical method used in this research is the multivariate regression method using the panel data method. The results of this research showed that there is a significant relationship at the 95% level between participation in poverty REDUCTION by companies with the COST of equity and between participation in poverty REDUCTION by companies with the COST of debt.

Background and objectives: Hospital COSTs as part of the in-hospital cash flow are affected by a large number of variables that change over time and interact with each other. This study aimed to provide a model for hospital COSTs based on the internal behavior of the system in order to control COSTs. Methods: The research method of the paper is descriptive-analytical. Considering the complex and dynamic nature of the system, a model was designed and presented using the system dynamics approach. Data were collected using interview methods and reviewing past studies. To run the proposed model the computer software (Vensim DSS 6. 4E) was employed. After testing the model, six scenarios were defined based on the presented model and its subsystems (financial flow, patient flow and employed nurses) to reduce COSTs, which include: reducing the average length of stay, increasing the staff productivity, reducing the intensity of hospital care, reducing clothing consumption, modifying the hospital nutrition process and finally the simultaneous implementation of all the above. This system dynamics model integrates all of these subsystem's effects rather than considering them individually which is the strength of system dynamics modeling. Results: The first scenario, while reducing the total COST by 3. 8%, increased the bed admission ratio by 6. 5%. It should be noted that this scenario increased the hoteling COST by 2%. The second scenario resulted in a 10% REDUCTION in total COST. The third scenario saved 9% of the total COST. The fourth and fifth scenarios reduced COSTs 1. 5% and 7. 5%, respectively by reducing overhead COSTs. The results showed that the sixth scenario is the most effective policy. It reduced the total COST and the hoteling COST by 26% and 22%, respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicate that the hospital will face a REDUCTION in COST compared to the current situation by using any of the scenarios but it will see a further REDUCTION with the simultaneous implementation of the scenarios while controlling the COST of hoteling. Based on the results any development in surgery department capacity must be accompanied by a suitable COST control policy.

The SVM is the well known technique for power converters with medium power and high voltage. However, the whole modulating procedure could be time-consuming for implementation purposes because of seeking the location of the reference vector in addition to performing so many necessary computations. Furthermore, computational COST for conventional SVM rises when level numbers of the multilevel converters increases. This paper proposes a modulation technique that directly concentrates on a three-phase system, engaging two independent line voltages in the procedure of finding switching states and their duty ratios. Interestingly, the proposed method is not only simple and fast, but also nearly eliminates the procedure of positioning the reference vector for multilevel converters that is vital for the conventional SVM. Through examples and simulations, the validity of the proposed method in modulation process is demonstrated.